After the implementation of the 10-year Fish Banning in the Yangtze River Basin, the recovery of fish resources will have a certain impact on the seasonal succession characteristics of zooplankton community. The present study aims to understand the seasonal succession characteristics of zooplankton community structure and its influencing factors during early Fish Banning period. As the largest freshwater lake in China, Lake Poyang is also a focal area for the implementation of Fish Banning policy. In this study, zooplankton were quantitatively surveyed in five seasons including July, October 2022 and January, April, July 2023 in Lake Shahu and Lake Dahuchi, which are two shallow dished sub-lakes of Jiangxi Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve. A total of 82 species of zooplankton, including 61 species of rotifers, 11 species of cladocerans, and 10 species of copepods were identified during the survey period. In the five survey months, the number of shared species were 9. Among them,Keratella cochlearis ,Asplanchna priodonta ,Polyarthra trigla ,Polyarthra vulgaris ,Microcyclops varicans ,Mesocyclops leuckarti, Sinocalanus dorrii and Bosmina longirostris were dominant species. From summer 2022 to summer 2023, the seasonal variety trends of Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index of zooplankton first decreased and then increased. The one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in zooplankton abundance and biomass in the five seasons. The zooplankton abundance and biomass were lower in spring and winter, while higher in summer and autumn. The clustering of zooplankton communities by Bray-Curtis similarity measure and Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling revealed that the communities of zooplankton in the five survey months showed significant seasonal differences. The zooplankton communities of the five survey months can be clearly divided into five: the summer community of 2022, the autumn community of 2022, the winter community of 2022, the spring community of 2023, and the summer community of 2023. The winter 2022 community showed a high level of similarity with the spring 2023 one, and the summer 2022 community showed a high level of similarity with the summer 2023 one. Redundancy analysis indicated that environmental factors explained 87.2% of the variation in zooplankton. Monte Carlo tests revealed that water temperature, turbidity and dissolved oxygen had significantly impacts on zooplankton community structure changes. The study revealed that extreme drought events had significantly reduced the zooplankton community stability in the sub-lakes of Lake Poyang. There was a noticeable decrease in abundance and biomass of zooplankton communities before and after the Fish Banning.