In order to understand the status of early fish resources in the river and lake channel of Poyang Lake during the early period of fishing ban, the survey of juvenile fish was carried out day by day from 5th April to 21st August 2023 in the river and lake channel of the lake mouth of Poyang Lake. The results showed that a total of 142,054 juveniles were collected during the survey period, and 38 species of juveniles were identified, belonging to 7 orders and 9 families; among them, there were 6 dominant species, with Coilia nasus as the first dominant species, which recovered remarkably after the ban on fishing, and the rest of the dominant species in order of predominance were Hemiculter bleekeri, and the other species. Rhinogobius giurinus, Hemiculter leucisculus, Pseudolaubuca sinensis, and Xenocypris argentea. During the survey period, smolts were mainly concentrated in July, and smolt abundance peaked on 21 July at 11,476 ind/100m3. The results of spatial difference analysis showed that the abundance of larvae was significantly greater (P<0.05) on the south bank than on the north bank and at the central sampling site. Redundancy analysis showed that turbidity, flow velocity and water level were the main environmental factors affecting the abundance of juvenile fishes, among which turbidity was significantly and positively correlated with the abundance of juvenile fishes (P<0.05). According to the migratory habits of the parents, the fish were mainly freshwater sedentary fish, with 76.32% and 68.29% of the species and number, respectively; according to the spawning mode of the parents, the fish were mainly drift-spawning fish, with 47.37% and 48.94% of the species and number, respectively. The study showed that the fish species in Hukou were relatively abundant, but mainly consisted of small fishes, and the average abundance of juvenile fish was greater on the south bank (1744 ind/100m3) than on the north bank (431 ind/100m3) and in the centre of the sampling site (259 ind/100m3). The results of this survey supplemented the basic data of early fish resources in the lake mouth of Poyang Lake after the ban on fishing in the Yangtze River, and provided a scientific basis for the protection of fish diversity.