Based on the in-situ observation of air-ice-water in Qinghai Lake during the ice-covered period on February 5, 2022, the differences of lake ice variation process in Qinghai Lake under snow, dust, and bare ice conditions were analyzed. The results show that the lake ice development was stable in February, the maximum ice thickness was 36.5cm, the maximum snow depth was 10.4cm, the increase of snow depth will significantly reduce the ice thickness growth rate. The daily variation of lake ice albedo was shown ‘U’ shaped, which was higher in the morning and evening and lower at noon. The albedo of the snow-covered was the largest, with the average value of 0.61, and the albedo under dust and bare ice conditions respectively decreased to 0.27 and 0.16. The net solar radiation also changed with the change of albedo. With the increase of depth, the sensitivity of ice temperature to air temperature gradually decreased, the daily variation decreased, and the lag time increases. The correlation coefficient between air temperature and ice temperature in bare ice was 0.93. The existence of snow reduced the correlation between air temperature and ice temperature, and the thicker of snow, the lower of correlation. Dust had the high absorption characteristic of solar radiation, accelerated the metamorphism and melting of snow and promoted the control of air temperature on ice temperature. The strong wind led to redistribution of snow and dust on ice surface, which indirectly affected the change of ice temperature. The variation of vertical conduction heat flux in the lake ice was similar to that of ice temperature. The heat flux decreased and the daily variation decreased with depth increased. In the bare ice stage, both the value and the daily variation amplitude of the conducted heat flux were greater than that in the snow-covered stage. The diurnal alternations of solar radiation affected the upper ice temperature, and the direction of conduction heat flux reversed accordingly. As the largest lake on the Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Lake has a profound impact on the plateau climate and water resource balance. This study has enriched the measured data of lake ice changes during the freezing period of Qinghai Lake, and provided the foundation for the refinement and parameterization improvement of lake models.