In order to quantitatively evaluate the impact of human activities on the changes of hydrologic drought characteristics in Poyang Lake Basin, This article analyzes the inter-annual variation trend of precipitation, temperature, evaporation and runoff from 1959 to 2022 according to the data of meteorological and hydrologic stations in the basin. The relationship curve between cumulative annual precipitation and runoff in the five watershed divisions of Poyang Lake is drawn by using the double cumulative curve method, based on which and combined with the mutation point test,the reference period and change period affected by human activities are divided. According to the measured data of precipitation, evaporation and runoff for each period, the parameters of the two - parameter monthly water balance model are calibrated, and the simulation results are tested using Nash efficiency coefficient, correlation coefficient, and water balance error. By simulating the reduction and reconstruction of monthly runoff during the reference and change periods, and the impact of climate change and human activities on runoff is obtained; Using the SRI as the hydrological drought index, drought events during the change period were identified through run length theory. The characteristics of annual average cumulative drought intensity, the maximum severity of a single drought, and drought frequency before and after parameter reduction were compared. The results show that human activities have generally reduced the runoff depth in the basin, with more significant impacts on the dry season. Spatially, the impacts on the Fu River and Rao River basins are the most obvious, with the annual average runoff depth and the runoff depth during the dry season decreasing by 8.5%, 9.2%, 12.0%, and 12.3% respectively. The frequency and severity of hydrological droughts in the Poyang Lake Basin during the change period have generally increased. The average annual number of droughts, the average annual drought severity, and the maximum severity of a single drought have increased by approximately 21.3%, 55.4%, and 24.3% respectively compared with the reference period. The research can provide a reference for the long-term prediction of the drought trend in the Poyang Lake Basin.