Ichthyologic surve and primary studies on diversity of fishery species in Anqing seclion of I he Yangtze River were carried oul during 1990-2004. Fishes of 9 orders, 14 families and 46 speries were foJIerted in ihis area. There were four ecological lypes. They were semi-migraled fishes between the Yangtze River and lakes, migrated fishes between the Yangtze River and the sea, esluarine fishes and resident fishes. Most of the fishes were small-sized and resident. Dominanl species were yellow calfish. crucian,catfish and common carp. The diersii indexes from 1990 to 2004 were analysed lhal Margalefs index was 1.54, Wilhni's index 2.14, McNauglilon index 0.44 and Pielous index 0.75, Economical fishes had a trend to he small and ihe rescoures status of llie fmir major Chinese carp were worrtng. Inlensily of fishing must he reduced in the Yangtze River