Based on the monitoring data obtained from Lake Dongting in November 2005,the concentrations of theheavy metals in water and organisms were analyzed, and the pollution assessment of heavy metals in organisms wasmade. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in water were lower than Type I of the People' sRepublic of China, the concentrations of heavy metals in Penaeus~Boom were higher than in Bellamyaquadrates and in fish, and the concentrations of heavy metals in demersal fish were higher than that in pelagic fish,and the concentrations of heavy metals in predatory fish were higher than that in herbivorous fishes. In LakeDongting, the pollution indexes of Cd, Pb, As in Penaeua vannwnei were higher than that in Bellamya quadrates,and higher than that in fishes; the pollution indexes of Hg in fish were higher than that in Bellamya quadrates,andin Penaeus vannwnei.