16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of sediments were measured in Wangkuai Reservoir, Hebei Province. Theresults showed that the sediments of Wangkuai Reservoir appear to be moderate pollution by PAHs. PAH pollutions became moreserious from reservoir upstream to front of the dam. The total PAHs concentrations decrease with the depth of sediment. Nap, Phe,Fla, BbF, Chr, and Pyr were dominant in sediments. The total PAHs concentration was directly proportional to the content of TOCwith a correlation coefficient of 0.8154 in surface sediments and 0.9534 in profile sediments. Combustion of fossil fuels and biomasswas the main source of PAHs in sediments of Wangkuai Reservoir. The result of ecological risk assessment indicated that highpotential ecological risks of PAHs were not found in sediments of Wangkuai Reservoir, but Flo compound was present in excess ofthe lower ERL and may exist biological effects.