以2016—2023年太湖8条主要入湖河流监测断面的6项污染指标数据为基础，深入剖析了这些河流污染的时空分异特征，并采用正定矩阵因子分析模型（PMF）对污染来源进行了定量解析。结果表明，入湖河流各项污染指标浓度整体呈逐年下降趋势。在时间分布上，氨氮、总氮浓度在冬季（1—2月、12月）相对较高，高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、总磷浓度在夏季（6—9月）较高，五日生化需氧量浓度一年有两个峰值，分别出现在3—5月和8—9月。从空间分布来看，太湖北部湖区的望虞河、小溪港以及西南山区的大港河，各项污染指标浓度相对较低；而西部湖区的武进港、太滆运河、太滆南运河、大浦港、乌溪港污染物浓度较高，对太湖的氮、磷贡献较大。进一步研究发现，太湖主要入湖河流的污染源主要有生活源、水产养殖源、畜禽养殖和农田种植源、工业源4类，贡献率分别为32.5%、19.8%、40.3%、7.4%。其中，武进港、太滆运河、太滆南运河、大浦港、乌溪港5条高污染河流的污染源贡献占比和时间变化趋势基本一致，汛期主要受农业面源影响，冬季主要受生活源影响。近年来，水产养殖源对太滆运河、太滆南运河汛期污染物贡献突出，畜禽养殖和农田种植源对大浦港、乌溪港水质影响较大，生活源则是影响武进港水质的重要因素。因此，削减畜禽、水产养殖及农田退水的污染物入河量，并持续推进环境基础设施建设，实现污水全收集、全处理，对改善太湖水质至关重要。

Based on the data of six pollution indicators from monitoring sections of eight major rivers flowing into Lake Taihu during 2016-2023, this study deeply analyzed the temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics of pollution in these rivers. The positive definite matrix factor analysis model (PMF) was used to quantitatively analyze the pollution sources. The results showed that the concentrations of various pollution indicators in the inflowing rivers generally presented a downward trend year by year. Regarding temporal distribution, the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen were relatively high in winter (January-February and December), while the concentrations of permanganate index, chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus were higher in summer (June-September). The biochemical oxygen demand after 5 days concentration had two peaks in a year, occurring in March-May and August-September, respectively. Regarding spatial distribution, the Wangyu River, Xiaoxi Harbor in the northern Lake Taihu area, and the Dagang River in the southwestern mountainous area had relatively low concentrations of various pollution indicators. In contrast, the Wujin Port, Taige Canal, Taige South Canal, Dapu Port, and Wuxi Port in the western lake area had higher pollutant concentrations and made significant contributions to the nitrogen and phosphorus in Lake Taihu. Further research found that the main pollution sources of the rivers entering Lake Taihu mainly included four types: domestic sources, aquaculture sources, livestock and poultry breeding and farmland planting sources, and industrial sources, with contribution rates of 32.5%, 19.8%, 40.3%, and 7.4% respectively. Among them, the contribution ratios of pollution sources and the temporal change trends of five rivers with high pollution levels, such as Wujin Port and Taige Canal, were the same. During the flood season, they were mainly affected by agricultural non-point sources, while in winter, they were mainly influenced by domestic sources. In recent years, aquaculture sources had significantly contributed to pollutant loads in the Taige Canal and Taige South Canal during flood seasons, while livestock breeding and farmland cultivation sources exerted more pronounced impacts on water quality in Dapu Port and Wuxi Port. Domestic wastewater discharges emerged as a critical factor affecting water quality in Wujin Port. Therefore, it is crucial to reduce the amount of pollutants entering the river from livestock, poultry, aquaculture, and farmland drainage and continuously promote the construction of environmental infrastructure to achieve the full collection and treatment of sewage, so as to improve the water quality of Lake Taihu.