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| 阳澄湖入湖河道分类、污染特征分析及治理策略 |
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刘帅1, 谢茂嵘1, 吕文1, 宋娜2, 杨惠1, 杨文晶1, 姜宇1, 白瑞泉1, 沈逸1, 史书1, 杨金艳1
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1.江苏省水文水资源勘测局苏州分局;2.中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所
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| 摘要: |
| 为进一步揭示阳澄湖入湖河道的污染物来源，提出相应的治理对策，本文以2017—2021年阳澄湖入湖河道水质监测数据为基础进行分析讨论。依据入湖水量选取10条主要入湖河道进行分析，其中位于阳澄湖东岸的白曲港在七浦塘拓浚工程建成之前主导流向为出湖，工程建成后，通过Pearson相关性分析证实了其流向与七浦塘引水时的水力关系，因此白曲港被选为主要入湖河道。采用距平系数法、系统聚类法和物元分析法将阳澄湖主要入湖河道分为三个类别，第一类别包括白荡、蠡塘河、北河泾、永昌泾4条河道，第二类别包括渭泾塘、界泾和施家斗港3条河道，第三类别包括南消泾、七浦塘和白曲港3条河道。使用因子分析法进行因子分析，第一类别河道的因子为污水浓度水平和含磷水平，第二类别河道的污染因子为含氮水平、理化生境水平和含磷水平，第三类别河道的污染因子为理化生境水平、含磷水平和含氮水平。通过对上游河道水质情况分析、文件研究、实地调查等方式得出第一类别河道区域的污染源主要为工业污染源和生活污染源，第二类别河道区域污染源主要为工业污染源与种植业污染源，第三类别河道污染源主要为陆地水产养殖污染源与种植业污染源。针对总体污染源情况，建议通过控制点源污染、削减面源污染、增强上游河道治理、开展生态治理修复以及加强巡查监管等方式对各类别河道区域进行针对性治理，以提高入湖河道水质，为阳澄湖的系统性和整体性治理打好基础。 |
| 关键词: 阳澄湖 入湖河道 系统聚类 物元分析 因子分析 污染源 河道治理 |
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| 基金项目:苏州市水利水务科技项目（2020001，2021006，2022002）和苏州市科技发展计划（社会发展科技创新）面上项目（2022SS22）联合资助. |
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| Study on the classification, pollution characteristics and treatment strategy of the inflow rivers into Yangcheng Lake* |
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Liu Shuai1, Xie Maorong1, Lyu Wen1, Song Na2, Yang Hui1, Yang Wenjing1, Jiang Yu1, Bai Ruiquan1, Shen Yi1, Shi Shu1, Yang Jinyan1
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1.Suzhou Branch of Jiangsu Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources Survey;2.Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| In order to further reveal the source of pollutants in the inflow rivers into Yangcheng Lake and put forward corresponding countermeasures, this paper analyzes and discusses the water quality monitoring data of the inflow rivers into Yangcheng Lake from 2017 to 2021. According to the water quantity into the lake, 10 main rivers were selected for analysis. Among them, Baiqu Port, located on the east bank of Yangcheng Lake, which was the main outflow direction before the completion of the Qiputang dredging project, was selected as the main inflow river after the completion of the project, confirmed by hydraulic relationship between its flow direction and Qiputang diversion with Pearson correlation analysis. By using anomaly coefficient method, system clustering method and matter-element analysis method, the main inflow rivers of Yangcheng Lake are divided into three categories. The first category includes four rivers: Baidang River, Litang River, Beihejing River and Yongchangjing River. The second category includes three rivers: Weijingtang River, Jiejing River and Shijiadougang River. The third category includes three rivers: Nanxiaojing River, Qiputang River and Baiqugang River. With Factor analysis method, the factors of the first category of rivers were sewage concentration level and phosphorus content level, the pollution factors of the second category of rivers were nitrogen content level, physiochemical habitat level and phosphorus content level, and the pollution factors of the third category of rivers were physiochemical habitat level, phosphorus content level and nitrogen content level. Through the analysis of the water quality of the upstream river, document research, field investigation and other methods, it is concluded that the pollution sources in the first category of river areas are mainly industrial pollution sources and domestic pollution sources, the pollution sources in the second category of river areas are mainly f industrial pollution sources and planting pollution sources, and the third category of river pollution areas are mainly land aquaculture pollution sources and planting pollution sources. In view of the overall pollution sources, it is recommended to carry out targeted management of various types of river areas by controlling point source pollution, reducing non-point source pollution, strengthening upstream river management, carrying out ecological management and restoration, and strengthening inspection and supervision, so as to improve the water quality of the river into the lake and lay a good foundation for the systematic and holistic management of Yangcheng Lake. |
| Key words: Yangcheng Lake inflow rivers system clustering analysis matter-element analysis factor analysis pollution sources river management |
