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| 湖泊与河流水文连通量化计算模型及其应用 |
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刘小光1,1,2, 柴朝晖1,2, 姚仕明1,2, 朱孔贤1,2
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1.长江水利委员会长江科学院;2.水利部长江中下游河湖治理与防洪重点实验室
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| 摘要: |
| 湖泊与河流水文连通的量化是指导河湖保护与治理的关键之一，也是当前河湖生态复苏研究的热点问题。本文提出了一种湖泊与河流水文连通的量化计算模型，仅需少量实测或水动力模拟数据进行校验，即可量化计算单一或多个连通水道的河湖水文连通度。水位变化率与水位是决定水文连通的主控因子，水体交换强度与水位变化率呈线性正相关，且其增长速率与水位呈正相关。提出的水体交换流量计算方法可估算湖泊与长江水体交换流量，同等水位及水位变化率条件下，湖泊向长江输出水流的效率大于长江向湖泊灌入水流。水文连通度峰值一般出现在整体上升或下降区间内的变异点，通过改变水位抬升或下降过程，可有效提升水文连通度均值及峰值，指导面向湖泊水生态环境改善的生态调度等。 |
| 关键词: 水文连通 水体交换 水位变化率 量化模型 生态修复 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学(12302508,52320105006) |
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| The quantitative model and its applications for the hydrological connectivity between lakes and rivers |
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Liu Xiaoguang,Chai Zhaohui,Yao Shiming,Zhu Kongxian
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| Abstract: |
| The quantitative analysis of hydrological connectivity between lakes and river systems serves as a fundamental guide for the conservation and management, and it represents a current focal point in the research on the ecological restoration of rivers and lakes. This paper introduces a quantitative calculation model for assessing the hydrological connectivity between lakes and rivers. The model requires minimal empirical or hydraulic simulation data for validation, enabling the quantification of hydrological connectivity in single or multiple connecting channels between rivers and lakes. Water level and its change rate are crucial elements. The change rate of water level is linearly related to the intensity of water exchange, while the water level is positively correlated with the rate of increase. The proposed empirical formula for water exchange flow can effectively estimate the exchange flow between lakes and the Yangtze River. Under equivalent water levels and rates of water level changes, the efficiency of outflow from lakes to the Yangtze River exceeds that of inflow from the Yangtze River to lakes. The peak value of hydrological connectivity generally occurs at points of variation within the overall rising or falling range. Hydrological connectivity can be effectively increased by adjusting the process of water level rise or decline, which can guide ecological scheduling aimed at improving the aquatic ecosystem in lakes. |
| Key words: Hydrological connectivity River-lake water exchange Rate of water level change Quantitative model Ecological restoration |
