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| 乌梁素海鱼类群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系 |
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姚禹佳1,2, 毛志刚1, 谷孝鸿1, 王奕杨1,2, 曾庆飞1, 陈辉辉1, 兰海今3
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1.中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室;2.中国科学院大学;3.内蒙古自治区乌梁素海生态保护中心
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| 摘要: |
| 根据2021年周年野外调查数据与渔业捕捞历史资料，分析了乌梁素海湖区的鱼类群落结构变化特征及其与主要环境因子的关系。结果表明，本次调查共采集鱼类23种，隶属4目7科19属，其中鲤科鱼类最多（16种），占调查物种总数的69.6%。鱼类种群按照IRI值进行排序，排在前三的群落优势种为麦穗鱼（Pseudorasbora parva）、鲫（Carassius auratus）、小黄黝鱼（Micropercops swinhonis）。全湖及各湖区鱼类群落的多样性指数较低（H’<2），整体表现为一般水平。与历史资料相比，乌梁素海鱼类群落结构已经发生较大变化，土著鱼类减少，优势种组成改变，鱼类群落组成呈现小型化。单因子相似性分析（ANOSIM）和相似性百分比分析（SIMPER）表明，鱼类群落组成在不同湖区间存在显著差异，两两湖区之间的平均差异性均在70%以上，且这种差异性主要由鲫、麦穗鱼和鲤（Cyprinus carpio）造成。三个湖区的鱼类生物多样性指数呈现为：西部湖区＞东部湖区＞南部湖区。Mantel test分析和典型相关分析（CCA）表明，浊度和叶绿素a是目前影响乌梁素海鱼类群落结构的主要环境因子。各湖区间鱼类种群和多样性的差别一定程度上反映出鱼类群落结构与湖泊环境特征相适应的特点。因此，要充分利用鱼类群落与环境特征间的关系，尽可能通过改善鱼类群落结构促进水体营养物质循环。 |
| 关键词: 渔业资源小型化 优势种 生物多样性 环境因子 多元统计分析 |
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| 基金项目:江苏省水利厅科技重大技术攻关项目(2021003)和国家自然科学基金项目(32071575)联合资助 |
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| Fish community structure in the Lake Wuliangsuhai and its relationship with major environmental factors |
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Yao Yujia,Mao Zhigang,Gu Xiaohong,Wang Yiyang,Zeng Qingfei,Chen Huihui,Lan Haijin
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State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| Utilizing data obtained from three surveys conducted in 2021 and historical records pertinent to fisheries, this study scrutinized the alterations in the fish community structure within Lake Wuliangsuhai and elucidated its correlation with key environmental factors. Survey outcomes indicated the documentation of 23 fish species, classified into 4 orders, 7 families, and 19 genera during the 2021 investigation. Remarkably, the Cyprinidae family exhibited preeminence, with 16 species, constituting 69.6% of the surveyed species. The dominant species were Pseudorasbora parva, Carassius auratus, Micropercops swinhonis. The Shannon-Wiener index of the fish community in Lake Wuliangsuhai manifested as low. Comparative scrutiny with historical data unveiled substantial shifts in the fish community structure in Lake Wuliangsuhai, typified by a decline in indigenous species, alterations in dominant species composition, and a discernible trend toward individual fish miniaturization. Analysis of Similarities (ANOSIM) and Similarity Percentage (SIMPER) results showed significant differences in fish community composition between the lake regions. The mean difference was more than 70% and was mainly attributed to Carassius auratus, Pseudorasbora parva, Cyprinus carpio. Fish biodiversity in the three lake regions presented the highest in the western lake region. Mantel test analysis and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) underscored turbidity and chlorophyll-a as key environmental factors influencing the fish community structure in the lake. Differences in fish community structure and diversity among lake regions reflect, to some extent, the adaptation of fish communities to the unique environmental characteristics inherent in each aquatic ecosystem. |
| Key words: Miniaturization of fish resources dominant species biodiversity environmental variables multivariate analysis |
