| 摘要: |
| 水库汛期排沙是控制三峡水库泥沙淤积的重要途径。本文基于水库排沙机理明晰了三峡水库排沙规律,依据蓄水以来的实测水沙资料定量分析了影响三峡水库汛期排沙比的主要因素,建立了排沙比经验公式,探讨了汛期优化调度下的泥沙淤积风险。研究结果表明:三峡水库蓄水以来汛期来沙占全年来沙的90.5%以上,且主要集中于场次洪水过程；汛期排沙比受流量和水位的双重影响,与代表进出库流量和坝前水位的综合影响因子呈较好的反比关系,随着入库流量的增加,坝前水位对排沙比的影响逐渐增大；汛期可采用“大水低位、小水高位”的运行方式提高综合效益。研究成果能够为控制三峡水库泥沙淤积、优化汛期运行方式等提供重要参考。 |
| 关键词: 三峡水库 汛期 排沙比 优化调度 泥沙淤积风险 |
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| 基金项目:长江水科学研究联合基金项目(编号:U2040218)和中国长江三峡集团员工科研项目(编号:NBYG20220167；；WWKY-2021-0033)联合资助。 |
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| Sediment discharge characteristics of the Three Gorges Reservoir during flood season based on the mechanism of reservoir sediment discharge |
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Ren Shi, Gao Yu, Lv Chaonan, Zhao Hanqing, Zhang Chenxiao
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| Abstract: |
| Sediment delivery in the flood season is an important way to control the sedimentation of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). This article clarifies the sediment discharge law of the TGR through the generalization mechanism of reservoir sediment discharge. Based on the measured water and sediment data since its impoundment, the main factors affecting the sediment discharge ratio of the TGR during the flood season are quantitatively analyzed. An empirical formula for the sediment discharge ratio (SDR) is established, and the risk of sediment deposition under optimal operation during the flood season is discussed. . The results showed that the incoming sediment in the flood season accounted for more than 90.5% of the annual incoming sediment of the TGR. Moreover, the incoming sediment of the TGR was mainly concentrated in the flood event. The SDR in the flood season was affected by both flow and water level. It had a good inverse relationship with the comprehensive influence factor, which represented the influence of inflow, outflow, and water level in front of the dam. With the increase of the inflow, the influence of the water level in front of the dam on the SDR of the TGR increased gradually. The operation mode of "low level with large discharge, high level with small discharge" could be adopted to improve comprehensive benefits of the TGR. The study can provide important references for controlling the sedimentation of the TGR and optimizing the operation mode in the flood season. |
| Key words: Three Gorges Reservoir flood season sediment delivery ratio optimal operation sedimentation risk |
