| 本文已被：浏览 822次 下载 326次 |
|
|
|
| 基于eDNA宏条形码的金沙江中下游干流大型底栖无脊椎动物的多样性研究 |
|
陈锦贤1, 吕佳林1, 黄贵英2, 宁冶霜1, 彭智奇1, 陈晓1, 戈昕宇1, 陈凯3, 王备新1
|
|
1.南京农业大学植物保护学院;2.浙江泰顺县环境监测站;3.温州市环境科技有限公司
|
|
| 摘要: |
| 金沙江是长江上游的重要生态屏障区，水生生物资源丰富但受梯级水电站开发影响严重。eDNA宏条形码技术可以高效、标准化地获取生物多样性数据，是国内外专家广泛认可的可替代生物多样性传统监测方法的技术。为探究金沙江干流大型底栖无脊椎动物（底栖动物）多样性空间特征和影响因子，2021年2月采用eDNA宏条形码技术和传统方法调查了金沙江中下游干流河段16个样点的底栖动物，并监测了水体理化因子，收集了水坝环境数据。eDNA宏条形码技术共检测到底栖动物4门6纲15目24科46个可操作分类单元(Operational Taxonomic Units)，传统形态学调查法共检测到3门5纲9目19科29属，两种检测方法均发现双翅目多样性最高。eDNA序列及形态学多度数据的分析都表明金沙江中下游的底栖动物群落组成差异显著，基于eDNA的优势类群及群落α多样性指数均有显著差异。典范对应分析（Canonical correspondence analysis）显示，海拔、高锰酸盐指数及样点上游电站年平均发电量是影响底栖动物群落特征的关键环境因子。研究结果表明，金沙江中下游底栖动物多样性存在明显的空间差异，梯级水电开发是底栖动物群落主要的胁迫因子。本研究为金沙江水生生物多样性保护与监测方法的改进提供了参考依据。 |
| 关键词: eDNA 形态学 底栖动物 群落结构 水电站开发 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:生态环境部生物多样性调查与评估项目(2019HJ2096001006)；国家自然科学基金(41771052) |
|
| A Study on the diversity of Macroinvertebrate in the Middle and lower reaches of the Jinsha River Based on eDNA metabarcoding |
|
Chen Jinxian1, Lv Jialin1, Huang Guiying2, Ning Yeshuang1, Peng Zhiqi1, Chen Xiao1, Ge Xinyu1, Chen Kai3, Wang Beixin1
|
|
1.College of Plant Protection,Nanjing Agricultural University;2.Taishun County Environmental Monitoring Station;3.Wenzhou Environmental Technology Co,Ltd
|
| Abstract: |
| The Jinsha River serves as a vital ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. This area has been abundant in aquatic biological resources but is being severely impacted by the cascade hydropower stations along its watercourse. eDNA metabarcoding can efficiently and standardly obtain biodiversity data, widely recognized by both domestic and international researchers as a technology capable of replacing traditional methods for biodiversity monitoring. To explore the spatial pattern of benthic macroinvertebrate diversity and the related influencing factors in Jinsha River mainstream, eDNA metabarcoding and traditional methods were used to sample the macroinvertebrates at 16 sampling sites along the mainstream of the middle and lower reaches of Jinsha River in February 2021. Water physicochemical variables were simultaneously measured, and environmental data of hydropower stations were collected. The eDNA metabarcoding technique detected a total of 46 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across 4 phyla, 6 classes, 15 orders, and 24 families of benthos, while traditional morphological survey methods identified 29 genera within 3 phyla, 5 classes, 9 orders, and 19 families. Both methods found that Diptera had the highest diversity. The middle and lower reaches of the Jinsha River showed significant difference in macroinvertebrate community composition, as revealed by both eDNA sequences and morphological abundance data. In addition, eDNA methods further detected the remarkable difference of the dominant taxa and alpha diversity between middle and lower reaches. Canonical correspondence analysis identified altitude, permanganate index, and the average annual power generation of hydropower station in the upper reach of sampling sites as the key environmental factors affecting macroinvertebrate communities. Our results highlighted the significant differences in macroinvertebrate diversity between the middle and lower reaches of the Jinsha River and cascade hydropower development are the major stressors on macroinvertebrates. Our findings provide a reference for the improvement of biodiversity conservation and monitoring methods for aquatic organisms in the Jinsha River. |
| Key words: eDNA morphology macroinvertebrate community structure hydroelectric power station development |
