| 摘要: |
| 白马湖是淮河流域下游具有滞涝、供水、生态、文化景观、旅游、养殖等多种功能的重要湖泊。为掌握白马湖禁渔初期的鱼类群落结构特征及多样性，本研究于2023年6月至2024年4月对白马湖的鱼类资源进行了连续调查。4个季度共采集到鱼类48种，隶属于7目13科38属，以鲤科鱼类和小型杂食性鱼类为主。似鳊（Pseudobrama simoni）、鳙（Aristichys nobilis）、大鳍鱊（Acheilognathus macropterus）和红鳍原鲌（Culterichthys erythropterus）是白马湖全年的优势鱼类，而短颌鲚（Coilia brachygnathus）、达氏鲌（Culter dabryi）、似鱎（Toxabramis swinhonis）、鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）、鲫（Carassius auratus）、鲤（Cyprinus carpio）等物种仅在部分季节为优势物种。白马湖鱼类群落的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数及Simpson优势度指数分别为4.860、2.424、0.637和0.844。尽管各个湖区和季节的鱼类物种多样性差异不显著（P＞0.05），但Cluster聚类和NMDS排序结果显示白马湖鱼类群落结构存在较为明显的时空差异。在52.28%相似性水平上白马湖鱼类可分为3组，其中中部湖区和北部湖区的鱼类群落为组Ⅰ，而南部湖区春、夏、秋3季为组Ⅱ，南部湖区冬季为组Ⅲ。除北部湖区鱼类群落稳定性波动较大外，白马湖其他湖区的群落结构均较为稳定。这些研究结果表明，白马湖鱼类资源呈现良好的恢复态势，但仍存在小型杂食性鱼类占比较高、保护物种资源量较低、北部湖区鱼类群落稳定性较低等问题。建议从增殖放流、栖息地修复、控源截污、渔政监管等方面进一步加强白马湖鱼类资源养护，并对白马湖鱼类资源开展持续跟踪监测。研究结果不仅可为白马湖十年禁渔效果评估提供基础前期数据，而且可为白马湖鱼类资源保护和渔业资源管理提供科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 白马湖，鱼类资源，种类组成，优势种，群落稳定性 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目） |
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| Study on the Fish Community Structure and Diversity Characteristics of Baima Lake during the Initial Phase of the Fishing Ban |
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LUO Si1, GE Chao1, JIAO Yu-Bin1, WANG Qi-Shuo2, WANG Ze-Xin1, YANG Rui-Qi1, WANG Shao-Kang1, ZHOU Jun-Jie1, JIN Shi-Yu1
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1.School of Life Science and Food Engineering,Huaiyin Institute of Technology,Huai’an;2.Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| Baima Lake, situated in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River Basin, serves as a multifunctional water body with roles in flood retention, water supply, ecological balance, cultural landscape, tourism, and aquaculture. To assess the fish community structure and diversity during the initial phase of the fishing ban, a continuous survey of fish resources was conducted from June 2023 to April 2024. Throughout the year, Pseudobrama simoni, Aristichys nobilis, Acheilognathus macropterus, Culterichthys erythropterus were identified as dominant species, while Coilia brachygnathus, Culter dabryi, Toxabramis swinhonis, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Carassius auratus and Cyprinus carpio exhibited seasonal dominance. The Margalef richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index and Simpson"s diversity index for the fish community were 4.860, 2.424, 0.637 and 0.844, respectively. Although there were no significant differences in fish species diversity across various lake regions and seasons (P > 0.05), Bray-Curtis cluster analysis and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) showed that there were distinct spatial and temporal variations in fish community structure. At the 52.28% similarity level, the fish communities were categorized into three distinct groups: group Ⅰ included the central and northern lake areas, group Ⅱ comprised the spring, summer, and autumn seasons in the southern lake area, while group Ⅲ represented the winter season in the southern lake area. Notably, the stability of the fish community in the northern lake area exhibited considerable fluctuations, whereas the community structure in other regions of Baima Lake remained relatively stable. These findings suggest a positive recovery trend in Baima Lake’s fish resources; however, , challenges persist, including the high proportion of small omnivorous fish, low abundance of protected species, and reduced stability of the northern lake area’s fish community. It is recommended to enhance the conservation efforts for Baima Lake’s fish resources through targeted actions such as stock enhancement, habitat restoration, pollution source control, and strengthened fishery regulation, as well as continuous monitoring. The results of this study provide essential baseline data for evaluating the long-term effects of the ten-year fishing ban in Baima Lake and offer a scientific foundation for the management and conservation of fishery resources in the lake. |
| Key words: Baima Lake, fish resources, species composition, dominant species, community stability |
