| 引用本文: | 王国祥,撲培民,章宗涉,张志繁.大型水生植物—藻类混合型富营养湖泊的生态管理模式——以固城湖为例.湖泊科学,1998,10(s1):499-506. DOI:10.18307/1998.sup50 |
| WANG Guoxiang,PU Peimin,ZHANG Zongshe,ZHANG Zhifan.Ecological Management Model for Macrophyte Phytoplankton Mixed Type Eutrophication, Lake Gucheng. J. Lake Sci.1998,10(s1):499-506. DOI:10.18307/1998.sup50 |
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| 大型水生植物—藻类混合型富营养湖泊的生态管理模式——以固城湖为例 |
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王国祥1, 撲培民1, 章宗涉2, 张志繁3
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1.Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Academia Sinica, Nanjing 210008, China;2.Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China;3.Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210013
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| 摘要: |
| Lake Gucheng is located in the southeast of Nanjing, with an area of 24.3 km2, an average depth of 2 meters. The macrophytes of the lake were used to be abundant and their biomass was about 4.96 mg·m-2. The annual average contents of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), PO3- -P, CODMn and BOD5 0.03, 1.31, 0.005, 3.61 and 1.46 mg·L-1, respectively. Thus, the water quality of this lake is quite well. Recently, the water quality in pari of the lake became worse because of some unreasonable exploitation and utilization of bioresources. The interactions between phytoplankton (N1), macrophyte (N2), fish (N3), crab (N4) were studied here. The macrophyte has great influences on both phytoplanktons, fish and crab, controlling the water quality and maintaining the fishery productivity. On the other hand, the phytoplankton, fish and crab also influence the macrophyte. It is key method of ecological management to maintain the macrophyte by fishery culture. Therefore, a modified Lotka-Volterra model has been established to estimate the interaction between N1, N2, N3, N4 and the influences of some water environmental parameters on these aquatic organism, environmental and economic effect. The main model consists four compart-mental models and four submodels, involved 12 external variables, 8 state variables, 19 universal constants and 11 parameters. The values of most parameters were found from our experiments and calibrated by the model and actually measured data. The model has been validated by comparison the computed and experimental data of phytoplankton and macrophyte. The theoretical outputs showed a good agreement with the measured data. This model predicated that if the standing crop offish and crab was higher than 2.65 ·m-2 during springtime in this lake, macrophytes would not grow, chlorophyll a content would arrive 34.8 mg·m-3 and the water quality would decrease. If the macrophyte grow well, the maximum fishery productivity would be about 1 600 t. In this case, the annually averaged phytoplankton chlorophyll a content should be 3.69 mg·m-3, which is lower than the criterion (10 mg·m-3) for eutrophic state. From 1991 to 1996, Lake Gucheng was managed with this model, its water quality maintain quite well, chlorophyll a content decreased from 3.51 (1991) to 1.89 mg·m-3 (1994). Meanwhile, the fishery productivity increased and the economic effect heightened year by year. |
| 关键词: Biosource Eutrophication Ecological model Ecological Management Environmental and economic effect Lake Gucheng |
| DOI：10.18307/1998.sup50 |
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| Ecological Management Model for Macrophyte Phytoplankton Mixed Type Eutrophication, Lake Gucheng |
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WANG Guoxiang1, PU Peimin1, ZHANG Zongshe2, ZHANG Zhifan3
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1.Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Academia Sinica, Nanjing 210008, China;2.Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China;3.Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210013
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| Abstract: |
| Lake Gucheng is located in the southeast of Nanjing, with an area of 24.3 km2, an average depth of 2 meters. The macrophytes of the lake were used to be abundant and their biomass was about 4.96 mg·m-2. The annual average contents of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), PO3- -P, CODMn and BOD5 0.03, 1.31, 0.005, 3.61 and 1.46 mg·L-1, respectively. Thus, the water quality of this lake is quite well. Recently, the water quality in pari of the lake became worse because of some unreasonable exploitation and utilization of bioresources. The interactions between phytoplankton (N1), macrophyte (N2), fish (N3), crab (N4) were studied here. The macrophyte has great influences on both phytoplanktons, fish and crab, controlling the water quality and maintaining the fishery productivity. On the other hand, the phytoplankton, fish and crab also influence the macrophyte. It is key method of ecological management to maintain the macrophyte by fishery culture. Therefore, a modified Lotka-Volterra model has been established to estimate the interaction between N1, N2, N3, N4 and the influences of some water environmental parameters on these aquatic organism, environmental and economic effect. The main model consists four compart-mental models and four submodels, involved 12 external variables, 8 state variables, 19 universal constants and 11 parameters. The values of most parameters were found from our experiments and calibrated by the model and actually measured data. The model has been validated by comparison the computed and experimental data of phytoplankton and macrophyte. The theoretical outputs showed a good agreement with the measured data. This model predicated that if the standing crop offish and crab was higher than 2.65 ·m-2 during springtime in this lake, macrophytes would not grow, chlorophyll a content would arrive 34.8 mg·m-3 and the water quality would decrease. If the macrophyte grow well, the maximum fishery productivity would be about 1 600 t. In this case, the annually averaged phytoplankton chlorophyll a content should be 3.69 mg·m-3, which is lower than the criterion (10 mg·m-3) for eutrophic state. From 1991 to 1996, Lake Gucheng was managed with this model, its water quality maintain quite well, chlorophyll a content decreased from 3.51 (1991) to 1.89 mg·m-3 (1994). Meanwhile, the fishery productivity increased and the economic effect heightened year by year. |
| Key words: Biosource Eutrophication Ecological model Ecological Management Environmental and economic effect Lake Gucheng |
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