| 引用本文: | 张亚丽,许秋瑾,席北斗,张列宇.中国蒙新高原湖区水环境主要问题及控制对策.湖泊科学,2011,23(6):828-836. DOI:10.18307/2011.0602 |
| ZHANG Yali,XU Qiujin,XI Beidou,ZHANG Lieyu.Major problems and control measures of water ecological environment in Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau. J. Lake Sci.2011,23(6):828-836. DOI:10.18307/2011.0602 |
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| 摘要: |
| 实施"西部大开发"战略的重大决策, 对于平衡中国各区域间的发展位差以及提高整个国家的经济实力具有重要的战略意义.而西部脆弱的生态环境决定了西部大开发中要以生态保护优先的环境保护政策为切入点和立足点, 坚持经济大开发与可持续发展有机结合.本文系统地阐述了中国蒙新湖区在气候变化和人类活动的影响下水环境的主要问题及控制对策, 并以典型湖泊乌梁素海、呼伦湖、博斯腾湖、柴窝堡湖及艾比湖等为例, 综合分析了近几十年来水环境指标的变化情况, 证实了水生态环境的退化趋势, 旨在宏观上把握蒙新湖区湖泊现状特征, 为制定蒙新湖区湖泊资源的合理开发及水环境保护的策略提供理论依据.属干旱半干旱气候特征的蒙新湖区, 目前存在湖泊萎缩、湖泊咸化、水质恶化、水生生物种群结构变化等众多问题, 而中国关于蒙新高原湖区的研究, 虽然有一定研究基础和资料, 但与东部湖区相比明显滞后, 缺乏系统认识.研究气候变化条件下蒙新湖区湖泊水环境质量演变规律和发展趋势;水利工程调配对区域水动力条件、污染物输移过程的影响及评估水利调度对重要环境因子的影响作用;选定该湖区特征水环境理化因子, 如矿化度, 研究其对水生生物的影响作用, 以及探索发展适合于干旱半干旱地区特征气候条件影响下的水生态恢复技术应是今后该湖区主要的研究领域和方向。 |
| 关键词: 蒙新高原湖区 湖泊 水环境问题 控制对策 |
| DOI：10.18307/2011.0602 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家环保公益项目(200909048);国家"十一五"水专项课题(2009ZX07106-001)联合资助 |
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| Major problems and control measures of water ecological environment in Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau |
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ZHANG Yali, XU Qiujin, XI Beidou, ZHANG Lieyu
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Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, P.R.China
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| Abstract: |
| The policy'The development campaign of the western regions'has great significance for balancing the developing disparities between different regions and improving the economic strength of China.The fragile ecological environment of the western regions determines that ecological protection should be set as the basic point, and that economic development should be combined with sustainable development in those regions.This paper systematically formulates major problems and control measures of aquatic ecosystems in Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau, where is under the influence of climate change and human activities.We choose Lake Wuliangsuhai, Lake Hulun, Lake Bosten, Lake Chaiwopu and Lake Ebinur as typical examples and analyze the changes in water ecological status in the recent decades.It is confirmed that the degradation of water ecological environment occurs.This paper aims at understanding the current characteristics of lakes in Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau and providing theoretical support for reasonable development of lake resources and protection of water ecological environment.At present, lakes in Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau is arid and semi-arid and there exists many problems, such as lake size shrinking, salinization, sediment, deterioration of water quality and structural changes of aquatic ecosystem.Compared with lakes in east China, the research on the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau in our country lacks of systematic knowledge and lagging relatively, although some basic research and information have been developed.In the future, the following fields will be focused on:(1) the evolution and trend of water environ-mental quality in the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau under the influence of climate change;(2) the effect of water allocation on regional hydrodynamic conditions, pollutant transport process and the influence of water scheduling to important environmental factors;(3) selecting characteristic physical and chemical factors of water environmental in the Plateau, such as mineralization degree, to examine their influence on the aquatic biological communities;(4) exploring aquatic ecological restoration technology which is suitable for arid and semi-arid regions. |
| Key words: Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau lakes water environmental problems control measures |
