| 引用本文: | 赵凯,周彦锋,蒋兆林,胡娟,张秀山,周洁,王国祥.1960年以来太湖水生植被演变.湖泊科学,2017,29(2):351-362. DOI:10.18307/2017.0211 |
| ZHAO Kai,ZHOU Yanfeng,JIANG Zhaolin,HU Juan,ZHANG Xiushan,ZHOU Jie,WANG Guoxiang.Changes of aquatic vegetation in Lake Taihu since 1960s. J. Lake Sci.2017,29(2):351-362. DOI:10.18307/2017.0211 |
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| 1960年以来太湖水生植被演变 |
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赵凯1,2, 周彦锋3, 蒋兆林4, 胡娟2, 张秀山2, 周洁2, 王国祥1
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1.南京师范大学环境学院, 南京 210023;2.安庆师范大学资源环境学院, 安庆 246011;3.中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心, 无锡 214081;4.江苏省太湖渔业管理委员会办公室, 苏州 215104
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| 摘要: |
| 太湖的富营养化污染日益严重，针对太湖水生植被的研究工作非常重要，然而全面的太湖水生植被调查已经有将近二十年未见报道.基于2014年夏季全湖水生植被调查结果，结合历史资料，比较分析1960年以来太湖水生植被演变情况.结果表明，1960年以来，共有23种水生植物从太湖消失，其中1981、1997和2014年分别消失7、4和12种.从分布区面积来看，1960年以来太湖水生植被总体呈北部湖区水生植被消失，东北部、东部及南部湖区水生植被分布区面积持续扩张的态势，1981年全湖水生植被分布区面积占8%，到2014年已经有33.82%的水面有水生植被分布.从生物量组成来看，太湖水生植被先升后降，从1960年的10×104 t，持续上升到1988年的44.72×104 t，1997年下降到36×104 t，2014年进一步下降到29.09×104 t.但挺水植被以外的水生植被，尤其是浮叶植被的生物量一直保持上升态势.总生物量的下降与东太湖挺水植被大面积消失有关，到2014年全湖挺水植被生物量比重仅占5.15%，东太湖沼泽化问题已不复存在.从群落组成变化情况来看，苦草（Vallisneria natans）群落分布区面积锐减，马来眼子菜（Potamogeton malaianus）和荇菜（Nymphoides peltatum）分布区持续扩张.目前太湖水生植被管理面临的主要问题是北部湖区水生植被恢复和东部湖区水生植被过量生长. |
| 关键词: 太湖 水生植被 植被演变 植被管理 水草收割 |
| DOI：10.18307/2017.0211 |
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| 基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（2015JBFM03）、国家自然科学基金项目（41573061）、江苏省太湖污染防治专项（TH2015202，TH2014402）联合资助. |
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| Changes of aquatic vegetation in Lake Taihu since 1960s |
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ZHAO Kai1,2, ZHOU Yanfeng3, JIANG Zhaolin4, HU Juan2, ZHANG Xiushan2, ZHOU Jie2, WANG Guoxiang1
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1.College of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China;2.College of Resource and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, P. R. China;3.Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, P. R. China;4.Fisheries Management Committee Office of Lake Taihu, Suzhou 215104, P. R. China
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| Abstract: |
| Comprehensive investigations on aquatic vegetation have been scarcely implemented in Lake Taihu during the past two decades, which is of special importance with the severe eutrophication and pollution. The change in aquatic vegetation in Lake Taihu since 1960 were analyzed based on the exhaustive survey of vegetation in summer, 2014. The results indicated that 23 species disappeared in Lake Taihu since 1960, in which 7 species disappeared in 1981, 4 species disappeared in 1997, and 12 species disappeared in 2014. From the perspective of spatial distribution, aquatic vegetation showed a trend of expansion in the east part and a trend of shrinking in the west of the lake. The coverage rate of aquatic vegetation to the entire lake area was 8% in 1981, whereas, this value increased to 33.82% in 2014. The biomass of aquatic vegetation increased from approximately 1×105 t in 1960 to 4.472×105 t in 1997, and then decreased from 3.6×105 t in 1997 to 2.909×105 t in 2014, respectively. However, excluding the emergent Phragmities australis community, the biomass of other aquatic vegetation, particularly that of the floating-leafed vegetation, continuously increased. A rapid decrease of biomass was closely related to the diminishing of emergent plants in the eastern lake, which accounted for only 5.15% of the total vegetative biomass in Lake Taihu in 2014. It suggests that now the trouble of swampiness does not exist in this area any longer. The change in community composition revealed that the area of Vallisneria natans sharply decreased, while that of Potamogeton malaianus and Nymphoides peltatum progressively increased. Currently, the main issues of aquatic vegetation management in Lake Taihu are restoring the aquatic vegetation in the northern lake and controlling the overgrowth of aquatic vegetation in the eastern lake. |
| Key words: Lake Taihu aquatic vegetation vegetation changes vegetation management waterweed harvest |
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