| 引用本文: | 郑剑锋,焦继东,孙力平,张硕,王少坡.天津中心城区河网氮磷污染与富营养化特征.湖泊科学,2018,30(2):326-335. DOI:10.18307/2018.0205 |
| ZHENG Jianfeng,JIAO Jidong,SUN Liping,ZHANG Shuo,WANG Shaopo.Pollution characteristics of nitrogen, phosphate and eutrophication of river network water in central urban area of Tianjin. J. Lake Sci.2018,30(2):326-335. DOI:10.18307/2018.0205 |
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| 天津中心城区河网氮磷污染与富营养化特征 |
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郑剑锋1,2, 焦继东1, 孙力平1,2, 张硕1,2, 王少坡1,2
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1.天津城建大学环境与市政工程学院, 天津 300384;2.天津市水质科学与技术重点实验室, 天津 300384
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| 摘要: |
| 2013年底天津中心城区河道全部连通，形成中心城区河网.为了掌握河网形成后的水质状况，于2014年3月2015年2月进行了为期1年的定点水质监测，并对其水体氮、磷时空分布及富营养化特征进行分析.结果表明，河网水体氮污染严重，以铵态氮（NH4+-N）为主；磷污染程度较轻，主要形态为磷酸盐（PO43--P）；河网水体中氮、磷浓度顺水流方向均呈上游高、下游低的空间分布特征；氮、磷各项指标浓度时间变化趋势基本一致，3月均最高，10月均最低，冬季处于相对较低水平；与河网形成前相比，海河干流NH4+-N、总磷（TP）和PO43--P浓度年平均值分别下降6.5%、14.7%和16.4%，津河总氮、NH4+-N、硝态氮、TP和PO43--P浓度年平均值分别降低18.6%、34.5%、12.9%、31.6%和32.5%，表明河网形成后氮、磷污染程度较之前有所改善，其中津河改善较为明显；河网水体全年处于中度富营养状态，主要为磷限制性状态；河网富营养化防治应遵循以控制营养盐为主的控源、截污、水环境增容和生态补水策略. |
| 关键词: 天津中心城区 河网 氮 磷 富营养化 |
| DOI：10.18307/2018.0205 |
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| 基金项目:天津市自然科学基金项目（15JCYBJC49100）、天津市水质科学与技术重点实验室开放基金项目（TJKLAST-PT-2015-01）和国家自然科学基金项目（51608349，51678388）联合资助. |
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| Pollution characteristics of nitrogen, phosphate and eutrophication of river network water in central urban area of Tianjin |
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ZHENG Jianfeng1,2, JIAO Jidong1, SUN Liping1,2, ZHANG Shuo1,2, WANG Shaopo1,2
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1.School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China;2.Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
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| Abstract: |
| After the completion of the river network in central urban area of Tianjin, pollution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphate were analyzed and water eutrophication status was assessed based on a field survey from March 2014 to February 2015. The results showed that the river network water was seriously polluted by nitrogen, and slightly contaminated by phosphorus. Ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and orthophosphate (PO43--P) were the mainly form of nitrogen and phosphate, respectively. The temporal and spatial variations of nitrogen and phosphate in the river network water were obvious. The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphate in the upper water were both higher than those in the downstream water. During the study period, the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphate reached the highest level in March, then decreased gradually and dropped to the lowest level in October, and kept at low level in winter. Compared with the water status before the river network completion, the annual mean concentration of NH4+-N, total phosphorus, PO43--P in Haihe River water decreased by 6.5%, 14.7%, 16.4%, and the annual mean concentration of total nitrogen, NH4+-N, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, PO43--P in Jinhe River water dropped by 18.6%, 34.5%, 12.9%, 31.6%, 32.5%, respectively. This showed that nitrogen and phosphate pollution problem of river network water had been obviously improved after the completion of the river network. The results of eutrophication evaluation and characteristic analysis indicated that river network water was in the stage of eutrophication, the algal growth in river network water was limited by phosphorus. The multiple ways including pollutant source control, sewage interception, water environmental capacity increase and ecological water compensation should be used together for eutrophication control. |
| Key words: Central urban area of Tianjin river network water nitrogen phosphorus eutrophication |
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