| 引用本文: | 侯易明,潘保柱,蒋小明,蒋万祥,朱朋辉,张磊,杨海强.汉江上游干流和秦岭南麓典型支流的底栖动物群落特征及水质生物评价.湖泊科学,2020,32(4):1140-1153. DOI:10.18307/2020.0421 |
| HOU Yiming,PAN Baozhu,JIANG Xiaoming,JIANG Wanxiang,ZHU Penghui,ZHANG Lei,YANG Haiqiang.Benthic macroinvertebrate community characteristics and bioassessment of water quality in the mainstem of upper Hanjiang River and its typical tributaries in the southern slope of the Qinling Mountains. J. Lake Sci.2020,32(4):1140-1153. DOI:10.18307/2020.0421 |
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| 汉江上游干流和秦岭南麓典型支流的底栖动物群落特征及水质生物评价 |
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侯易明, 潘保柱, 蒋小明, 蒋万祥, 朱朋辉, 张磊, 杨海强
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西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室, 西安 710048
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| 摘要: |
| 汉江上游是丹江口水库的水源区，其生态环境状况对保障汉江全流域及南水北调中线生态安全起着举足轻重的作用.本研究于2017年11月和2018年4月对汉江上游干流及源于秦岭南麓的5条典型支流开展了系统调查，旨在摸清汉江上游干支流的底栖动物群落特征，以及评价其水质状况.共采集到大型底栖动物240种，其中水生昆虫209种，软体动物13种，环节动物9种，其他类群9种.其中四节蜉Baetis sp.在各条河流中均为优势种，此外其他优势种还有拟细裳蜉Paraleptophlebia sp.、细蜉Caenis sp.、扁蜉Heptagenia sp.、花翅蜉Baetiella sp.、直突摇蚊Orthocladius sp.、纹石蛾Hydropsyche sp.、蜉蝣Ephemera sp.、带肋蜉Cincticostella sp.、高翔蜉Epeorus sp.、似波摇蚊Sympotthastia sp.和真开摇蚊Eukiefferiella sp..从各类群的密度来看，水生昆虫在汉江及五条支流中均占有绝对优势，占总密度的90.8%~98.9%，而在生物量上，除汉江干流中软体动物占绝对优势外，水生昆虫在各支流中均占绝对优势，占总生物量的47.0%~98.9%.就功能摄食类群的密度而言，直接收集者在汉江干支流中均为最主要功能摄食类群，而从生物量方面来看则表现出差异性，捕食者是金水河和旬河中最主要功能摄食类群，刮食者为汉江干流和月河中最主要功能摄食类群，直接收集者是金钱河中最主要功能摄食类群，滤食者为湑水河中最主要功能摄食类群.冗余分析结果表明，流速、总磷和电导率为影响汉江干支流底栖动物分布的关键环境因子.采用底栖动物生物指数（BI）和Shannon-Wiener指数进行水质生物评价，结果显示除汉江的极个别断面、湑水河和月河下游及旬河的中下游河段处于轻-中度污染状态外，其他调查河段均处于清洁状态.本研究结果可为汉江上游流域生态管理和科学保护提供依据. |
| 关键词: 汉江上游流域 丹江口水库 底栖动物 群落特征 水质生物评价 |
| DOI：10.18307/2020.0421 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31770460，51622901）资助. |
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| Benthic macroinvertebrate community characteristics and bioassessment of water quality in the mainstem of upper Hanjiang River and its typical tributaries in the southern slope of the Qinling Mountains |
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HOU Yiming, PAN Baozhu, JIANG Xiaoming, JIANG Wanxiang, ZHU Penghui, ZHANG Lei, YANG Haiqiang
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State Key Laboratory of Ecological Water Conservancy in the Northwest Arid Area, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, P. R. China
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| Abstract: |
| The upper reaches of the Hanjiang River are the source-water area of the Danjiangkou Reservoir. Its ecological status plays an important role in ensuring the ecological security of the Hanjiang River Basin and the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. In November 2017 and April 2018, we conducted a systematic survey in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River and its five typical tributaries, in order to find out the characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River and the typical tributaries of the southern slope of the Qinling Mountains, and to evaluate their bioassessment of water quality. Altogether 240 species of macroinvertebrates were collected, including 209 species of aquatic insects, 13 species of mollusks, 9 species of annelids and 9 species of other groups. Among them, Baetis sp. was the dominant species in all rivers. In addition, other species included Paraleptophlebia sp., Caenis sp., Heptagenia sp., Baetiella sp., Orthocladius sp., Hydropsyche sp., Ephemera sp., Cincticostella sp., Epeorus sp., Sympotthastia sp. and Eukiefferiella sp. From the density of various groups, aquatic insects had an absolute advantage in the Hanjiang River and its five tributaries, accounting for 90.8%-98.9% of the total density. In terms of biomass, in addition to the absolute advantage of mollusks in the main stream of the Hanjiang River, aquatic insects had an absolute advantage in each tributary, accounting for 47.0%-98.9% of the total biomass. In terms of the density of functional feeding groups, direct collectors were the main functional feeding groups in the Hanjiang River and its tributaries, while there were differences in terms of biomass. The predators were the main functional feeding groups in the Jinshui River and the Xun River. The scrapers were the main functional feeding group of the Hanjiang River and the Yue River. The collector-gatherers were the main functional feeding group in the Jinqian River. The collector-filterers were the main functional feeding group in the Xushui River. The redundancy analysis results showed that velocity, total phosphorus and conductivity were the key environmental factors affecting the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate in the Hanjiang River and its tributaries. The bioassessment of water quality was carried out by using the biotic index (BI) and the Shannon-Wiener index. The evaluation results showed that a few stream sections of the Hanjiang River, the downstream of the Xushui River, the downstream of the Yue River and the mid-lower reaches of the Xun River were slightly to moderately polluted, the other stream sites were in a clean state. The research results can provide basis for ecological management and scientific protection in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River. |
| Key words: Upper Hanjiang River Basin Danjiangkou Reservoir benthic macroinvertebrate community characteristics bioassessment of water quality |
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