| 引用本文: | 王丑明,黄代中,张屹,田琪,阴琨,熊莉,陈勇.1988—2021年洞庭湖大型底栖动物完整性评价及环境压力影响分析.湖泊科学,2023,35(5):1765-1773. DOI:10.18307/2023.0535 |
| Wang Chouming,Huang Daizhong,Zhang Yi,Tian Qi,Yin Kun,Xiong Li,Chen Yong.Assessment of integrity of macrobenthos in Lake Dongting (1988-2021) and impacts from environmental stress. J. Lake Sci.2023,35(5):1765-1773. DOI:10.18307/2023.0535 |
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| 1988—2021年洞庭湖大型底栖动物完整性评价及环境压力影响分析 |
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王丑明1, 黄代中1, 张屹1, 田琪1, 阴琨2, 熊莉3, 陈勇4
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1.湖南省洞庭湖生态环境监测中心, 岳阳 414000;2.中国环境监测总站, 北京 100020;3.四川省宜宾生态环境监测中心站, 宜宾 644000;4.四川省生态环境监测总站, 成都 610091
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| 摘要: |
| 为客观跟踪洞庭湖水生态环境质量,掌握洞庭湖水生生物完整性状况和变化趋势,支撑长江流域水生态考核工作的开展,基于洞庭湖30多年(1988—2021)的大型底栖动物群落特征数据,构建洞庭湖大型底栖动物完整性指数(B-IBI)。基于完整性评价结果,采用多元逐步回归分析识别30多年间影响洞庭湖B-IBI的主要环境因素和贡献率。以低压力期(1988—1994年)底栖动物特征确定参照状态,构建的B-IBI由总分类单元数、甲壳类和软体类分类单元数、H指数、总密度和BI指数5项核心参数构成;同时确定出5项参数的期望值,并建立起B-IBI评价的标准:B-IBI≥6.34,优秀;4.75≤B-IBI＜6.34,良好;3.17≤B-IBI＜4.75,中等;1.58≤B-IBI＜3.17,较差;B-IBI＜1.58,很差。经B-IBI在低、高压力组的箱线图分析,进一步验证了该指数的辨别力和适用性。根据研制的B-IBI评价标准,得到洞庭湖B-IBI从1988年的6.99(优)下降到2021年的2.97(较差),表明洞庭湖底栖动物完整性呈现显著的下降趋势。相关环境因素的分析显示,同期洞庭湖的综合营养状态指数、总氮和叶绿素a均呈现显著上升态势。对B-IBI和环境因子的响应关系分析表明,B-IBI与总氮和叶绿素a呈显著负相关,多元逐步回归分析表明总氮解释了大型底栖动物完整性变异的56.1%,和叶绿素a共同解释了变异的61.3%。营养盐增加对洞庭湖大型底栖动物完整性的变化起到较大程度的驱动作用。构建的B-IBI评价标准在洞庭湖具有较好的适用性,可为长期跟踪湖体完整性变化及分析水生态状况变化提供有价值的科学依据。建议在长江流域重要水体的保护中,在持续控磷的同时,加大对氮污染影响的关注,增加对总氮的管控力度,并将总氮纳入国家和地方水生态环境监管体系。 |
| 关键词: 洞庭湖 大型底栖动物 完整性指数 环境压力 |
| DOI：10.18307/2023.0535 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2021YFC3200104)和湖南省岳阳市长江水生态环境保护研究项目(2022-LHYJ-02-0507-02)联合资助。 |
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| Assessment of integrity of macrobenthos in Lake Dongting (1988-2021) and impacts from environmental stress |
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Wang Chouming1, Huang Daizhong1, Zhang Yi1, Tian Qi1, Yin Kun2, Xiong Li3, Chen Yong4
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1.Dongting Lake Eco-Environment Monitoring Centre, Yueyang 414000, P.R. China;2.China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100020, P.R. China;3.Yibin Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Sichuan Province, Yibin 644000, P.R. China;4.Sichuan Environmental Monitoring Center, Chengdu 610091, P.R. China
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| Abstract: |
| The Macrobenthic Integrity Index (B-IBI) was constructed based on the macrobenthic community data in Lake Dongting for more than 30 years (1988-2021) in order to assess the ecological quality of Lake Dongting, capture the status and change trend of aquatic biological integrity in Lake Dongting, and support the assessment of ecological condition in the Yangtze River Basin. Based on the integrity assessment results, the main environmental factors and contribution rates of the B-IBI in Lake Dongting over the past 30 years were analysed using the multiple stepwise regression method. The reference state of the benthic characteristics was set by the data during the low-pressure period (1988-1994). The B-IBI consisted of five core parameters: total taxon number, crustacean and mollusk taxon number, Shannon diversity index, total density and BI. At the same time, the expected values of the five parameters were determined and the criteria for B-IBI scoring were established: B-IBI≥6.34, excellent; 4.75≤B-IBI<6.34, good; 3.17≤B-IBI<4.75, average; 1.58≤B-IBI<3.17, poor; B-IBI<1.58, very poor. Box plot analysis of the B-IBI in the low- and high-pressure groups further verified the discriminatory power and applicability of the B-IBI. According to the B-IBI scoring criteria, the B-IBI decreased from 6.99 (excellent) in 1988 to 2.97 (poor) in 2021, indicating that the integrity of the benthic fauna in Lake Dongting showed a significant decline. The analysis of related environmental factors showed that the comprehensive nutritional status index, total nitrogen and chlorophyll-a in Lake Dongting showed a significant upward trend. The analysis showed that B-IBI was negatively correlated with total nitrogen and chlorophyll-a significantly. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that total nitrogen explained 56.1% of the variation in macrobenthic integrity, and 61.3% when combined with chlorophyll-a, indicating that the change in macrobenthic integrity was mainly driven by the increase in nutrients. The B-IBI assessment standard showed good applicability in Lake Dongting, which could provide a valuable scientific basis for long-term monitoring of changes in lake integrity and analysis of changes in ecological status. In the context of the ecological protection of important water bodies in the Yangtze River basin, it is suggested to pay more attention to the influence of nitrogen pollution in the continuous control of phosphorus, to strengthen the control of total nitrogen, and to include total nitrogen in the national and local water ecological environment control systems. |
| Key words: Lake Dongting macrobenthos index of integrity environmental stress |
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