| 引用本文: | 温天福,雷声,牛娇,贾磊,袁晓峰,王志超,张磊,熊斌,张阳.2020年鄱阳湖单退圩分洪效果及其方案优选.湖泊科学,2024,36(6):1888-1899. DOI:10.18307/2024.0641 |
| Wen Tianfu,Lei Sheng,Niu Jiao,Jia Lei,Yuan Xiaofeng,Wang Zhichao,Zhang Lei,Xiong Bin,Zhang Yang.Effects of flood diversion and scheme selection of Lake Poyang semi-restoration polder in 2020. J. Lake Sci.2024,36(6):1888-1899. DOI:10.18307/2024.0641 |
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| 2020年鄱阳湖单退圩分洪效果及其方案优选 |
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温天福1,2,3, 雷声1,2, 牛娇1,2,3, 贾磊1,2,3, 袁晓峰4, 王志超1,2, 张磊1,2, 熊斌1,2,5, 张阳6
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1.江西省水利科学院, 南昌 330029;2.水旱灾害防御江西省重点实验室, 南昌 330029;3.水利部长江中下游河湖治理与防洪重点实验室, 武汉 430010;4.江西省建洪水利咨询有限公司, 南昌 330029;5.南昌工程学院水利工程学院, 南昌 330031;6.江西省水文监测中心, 南昌 330002
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| 摘要: |
| 单退圩是鄱阳湖防洪体系的重要组成部分,能否将其科学运用直接影响着湖滨地区的防洪安全与蓄滞洪区的运行管理。2020年鄱阳湖单退圩首次全面启用,本文结合实际情况系统模拟了圩堤分洪过程并分析分洪效果,进一步运用模糊优选方法从降低水位、启用频率和年均损失等方面筛选启用方案,最后讨论单退圩体制机制及运行管理存在的问题。结果表明,2020年鄱阳湖单退圩累积分洪量为24.7亿m3,24 h降低水位最大达0.236 m,分洪时段集中在7月8日至17日,启用分洪48 h圩堤总分洪量占总分洪容量的40.3%,圩堤分洪效率有待进一步提高。单退圩启用与洪水过程存在一定关系,根据保护面积设置圩堤启用方案,湖口水位21.50 m(保护面积万亩以下,1万亩=6.67 km2)和21.68 m(保护面积万亩以上)为优选方案对应的水位,相应地分洪48 h最大降低水位、启用频率和年均损失分别为0.621 m、9.80%和2.516亿元。单退圩相关法律法规不完善,管理体制机制不健全直接影响圩堤分洪能力,地方发展导致分洪容量减少约2.0亿m3,且大部分圩堤分洪设施不能满足分洪效率要求。为了提升鄱阳湖单退圩的分洪能力,有效发挥其分洪缓冲作用,建议根据实际情况统一调整圩堤系统的分洪布局,同时建立协同运行调度决策机制,以应对未来鄱阳湖可能遭受的超标准洪水。 |
| 关键词: 单退圩 分洪过程 降低水位 方案优选 鄱阳湖 |
| DOI：10.18307/2024.0641 |
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| 基金项目:长江科学院开放研究基金项目(CKWV20231164/KY)、水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022010)、国家自然科学基金项目(52169001)、江西省水利科技项目(202426ZDKT33,202325ZDKT14,202224ZDKT20,202124ZDKT02)、江西省技术创新引导类计划项目(20223AEI91008)和江西省鄱阳湖水资源与环境重点实验室开放基金项目(2021SKSH01)联合资助。 |
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| Effects of flood diversion and scheme selection of Lake Poyang semi-restoration polder in 2020 |
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Wen Tianfu1,2,3, Lei Sheng1,2, Niu Jiao1,2,3, Jia Lei1,2,3, Yuan Xiaofeng4, Wang Zhichao1,2, Zhang Lei1,2, Xiong Bin1,2,5, Zhang Yang6
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1.Jiangxi Academy of Water Science and Engineering, Nanchang 330029, P. R. China;2.Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flood and Drought Disaster Defense, Nanchang 330029, P. R. China;3.Key Laboratory of River and Lake Management and Flood Control in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River of MWR, Wuhan 430010, P. R. China;4.Jiangxi Jianhong Consulting Company Limited of Hydraulic Engineering, Nanchang 330029, P. R. China;5.School of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China;6.Jiangxi Hydrological Monitoring Center, Nanchang 330002, P. R. China
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| Abstract: |
| The semi-restoration polder is a significant aspect of the flood control system of Lake Poyang, and the scientific application of the semi-restoration polder directly impacts the flood control safety and management of the flood detention areas in the lake. The Lake Poyang semi-restoration polder was fully implemented for the first time in 2020. In this paper, the flood diversion process, as well as its effect on the polder, was first simulated and analyzed based on the actual 2020 flood. Moreover, the fuzzy optimization method was used to develop the optimal operation scheme on the basis of three aspects—water depth reduction, application frequency, and average annual loss. Finally, problems existing in the institutional mechanism and operation management of the semi-restoration polder were discussed. According to the results, in 2020, the flood diversion process in Lake Poyang was concentrated from July 8 to 17—with the cumulative flood diversion at 24.7 billion m3 and the maximum 24-h reduction in water depth at 0.236 m. Additionally, as the total 48-h flood diversion accounted for 40.3% of the polder's total flood diversion capacity, the flood diversion efficiency needed to be further improved. In fact, a relationship existed between the optimal operation scheme and the lake flood process. The diversion levels of the optimal scheme of Hukou Station were 21.50 m (when the protected area was < 6.67 km2) and 21.68 m (when the protected area was > 6.67 km2), while the corresponding 48-h maximum reduction in water depth, application frequency, and average annual loss were 0.621 m, 9.80%, and 251.6 million yuan, respectively. The results also revealed a number of problems, such as capacity reduction of about 200 million m3 due to local development, legal and regulatory deficiencies, and issues related to the management of the semi-restoration polder. Moreover, most of the polder inlet facilities failed to meet the efficiency standards of flood diversion. To improve the flood diversion capacity of the Lake Poyang semi-restoration polder and the flood diversion buffer in the flood detention area, the polder's flood diversion layout should be dynamically modified according to the actual situation and establish a collaborative decision-making mechanism to deal with possible over-standard floods in the future. |
| Key words: Semi-restoration polder flood diversion process water depth reduction scheme optimization Lake Poyang |
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