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| 珠江下游星湖鱼类多样性与外来鱼类入侵现状研究 |
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余梵冬1,2, 房苗3, 舒璐3, 徐猛3, 王裕祥3, 张铭斯3, 黄骏涵3, 汪学杰3, 胡隐昌3, 韦慧3, 顾党恩3
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1.中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所;2.中国水产科学研究院外来物种与生态安全重点实验室;3.中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所
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| 摘要: |
| 为了解珠江下游星湖鱼类多样性和外来鱼类入侵现状。2023年3-4月在星湖的中心湖、仙女湖、波海湖和青莲湖4个湖区开展鱼类资源调查，运用百分比相对重要性指数、物种多样性指数、Jaccard相似性指数、非度量多维尺度排序法和ABC曲线等方法分析了鱼类物种组成、优势度、分布格局和多样性等。累计采集鱼类23种（或变种），包括鲮、鲫和鲢等11种土著鱼类，豹纹翼甲鲇、条纹鲮脂鲤和麦瑞加拉鲮等12种外来鱼类。外来鱼类无论从种类数（累计占比52.17%），还是生物量（累计占比74.94%）、丰度（累计占比77.05%）、优势度（累计占比79.24%）等方面都占据绝对优势。豹纹翼甲鲇、条纹鲮脂鲤、伽利略路非鱼、尼罗罗非鱼、齐氏罗非鱼和麦瑞加拉鲮是入侵高风险的外来鱼类，在星湖均有稳定的种群，如果不加以控制，将对星湖的土著鱼类和生态环境造成较大的影响。其中，豹纹翼甲鲇是星湖的绝对优势物种，是星湖生态风险最高的物种。相似性分析结果表明，Jaccard相似性指数平均数值为0.70，处于“相似”等级，表明星湖4个湖区的鱼类群落较为相似；群落扰动分析的W数值趋近于0，表明星湖鱼类群落受到的人类干扰处于较低水平；物种多样性结果表明，中心湖和青莲湖的鱼类物种多样性高于仙女湖和波海湖，星湖总体物种多样性处于较为正常的水平。星湖当前最大的生态隐患是外来鱼类的入侵，而非直接的人为干扰。 |
| 关键词: 外来鱼类 物种多样性 优势度 群落相似性 群落扰动 星湖 |
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| 基金项目:国家大宗淡水鱼产业技术体系（CARS-45），中国水产科学研究院所级基本科研业务费（2024SJRC11），广州市科技计划（202201010257），广东省现代农业产业共性关键技术研发创新团队建设项目（2023KJ134），中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费（2023TD17） |
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| Study on Fish Diversity and Invasion of Alien Fish in Lake Xinghu, downstream of the Pearl River |
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yufandong,fangmiao,shulu,xumeng,wangyuxiang,zhangmingsi,huangjunhan,wangxuejie,huyinchang,weihui,gudangen
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Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| To reveal the fish diversity and alien fish invasion status of 4 lake areas of Zhaoqing Xing Lake (Zhongxin Lake, Xiannv Lake, Bohai Lake and Qinglian Lake), fish resource survey was conducted here from March to April 2023. Index of relative importance, species diversity index, Jaccard similarity index, nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), ABC curve were used to analyze the species composition, dominance, distribution patterns and diversity of fish in this study. A total of 23 fish species were captured in this survey. There were 11 native fish species such as Cirrhina molitorella, Carassius auratus and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix; 12 alien fish species such as Pterygoplichthys pardalis, Prochilodus lineatus and Cirrhinus mrigala. Alien fish species have an absolute advantage in terms of species (52.17% cumulative proportion), biomass (74.94% cumulative proportion), abundance (77.05% cumulative proportion), and dominance (79.24% cumulative proportion). Pterygoplichthys pardalis, Prochilodus lineatus, Sarotherodon galilaeus, Oreochromis niloticus, Coptodon zillii and Cirrhinus mrigala are high-risk invasive fish with stable populations. If not controlled, they will have a significant impact on the native fish and ecological environment of Xing Lake. Among them, Pterygoplichthys pardalis is the absolute dominant species with the highest ecological risk. The similarity analysis results showed that the average Jaccard similarity index value is 0.70, which is “similarity” level, indicating that the fish communities are relatively similar at various 4 lake areas; The W value of community disturbance analysis is close to 0, indicating that the fish community of Xing Lake is at a relatively low level of human disturbance; The results of species diversity indicated that the overall species diversity in Xing Lake is at a relatively normal level, while the fish species diversity in Zhongxin Lake and Qinglian Lake is higher than that in Xiannv Lake and Bohai Lake. At present, the most severe ecological hazard in Xing Lake is alien fish invasion, rather than direct human interference. |
| Key words: Alien fish Species diversity Dominance Community similarity Community disturbance Xing Lake |
