| 引用本文: | 赵文通,贺蔚,赵先富,陈锋,张晶,金小伟,毛丰,李正飞.小水电站对赤水河连通性影响评估及恢复对策.湖泊科学,2025,37(1):253-265. DOI:10.18307/2025.0141 |
| Zhao Wentong,He Wei,Zhao Xianfu,Chen Feng,Zhang Jing,Jin Xiaowei,Mao Feng,Li Zhengfei.Assessing the impact of small hydropower stations on the connectivity of the Chishui River and restoration strategies. J. Lake Sci.2025,37(1):253-265. DOI:10.18307/2025.0141 |
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| 摘要: |
| 赤水河作为长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区的重要组成部分，其生态连通性对于长江上游特有鱼类至关重要。但赤水河流域内广泛分布的小水电站严重影响了该区域的连通性。本研究收集了赤水河流域小水电站的空间位置、建设年份、装机容量等详细信息，并采用树状水系连通性指数（DCI）、溪流连续性指数（SCI）、河流破碎化指数（CAFI）和新提出的改进的河流破碎化指数（CAFIM）全面评估小水电站对赤水河流域水系连通性影响的时空变化。研究发现，赤水河流域几乎每条河流都建有小水电站，主要分布在低阶河流。DCI和SCI指数表明，随着电站数量的增加，赤水河流域的连通性显著下降，中下游地区连通性低于上游地区。CAFI和CAFIM指数揭示了类似的趋势，随小水电站的建设河流破碎化程度不断加剧，特别是在习水河、大同河和桐梓河流域表现显著。CAFIM指数将小水电站的装机容量因素纳入考虑，能够更加全面准确地评估小水电站的影响。CAFIM指数相较于传统指标，对装机容量变化更为敏感，能有效反映大型电站的影响。根据CAFIM等指数评估结果，研究评估了赤水河流域内各小水电站障碍物的优先级，提出应优先整改位于高阶河流且装机容量大的电站，以最大程度地改善流域连通性。根据各指数评估结果，研究发现电站的位置和装机容量是决定其优先拆除顺序的关键因素，位于高阶河流且装机容量大的电站(如金阳、圆满贯等)的拆除对改善流域连通性效果最为显著。该研究全面评价了赤水河流域的连通性状况，提出了优化小水电站拆除的策略，为该流域生态修复提供了决策依据，对保护长江上游特有鱼类具有重要意义。本研究为小水电站对流域河网连通性的评估及恢复对策提供了理论基础和方法支持。 |
| 关键词: 河流连通性 小水电站 改进的河流破碎化指数CAFIM 连通性指数 赤水河流域 |
| DOI：10.18307/2025.0141 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFC3202102）；国家自然科学基金项目（51279113、52379061）；湖北省自然科学基金项目（2023AFB984）；湖北省技术创新计划重点研发专项（2024BCB068）；江苏省自然科学基金项目（BK20230099）；江苏省水利科技项目（2022089）联合资助 |
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| Assessing the impact of small hydropower stations on the connectivity of the Chishui River and restoration strategies |
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Zhao Wentong1，2，He Wei1，Zhao Xianfu2，Chen Feng2，Zhang Jing3，Jin Xiaowei4，Mao Feng5，Li Zhengfei6
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1.College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098 , P.R.China ；2.Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430079 , P.R.China ；3.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038 , P.R.China ；4.China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100012 , P.R.China ；5.Institute for Global Sustainable Development, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom ；6.Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072 , P.R.China
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| Abstract: |
| The Chishui River is an important component of the National Nature Reserve for rare and endemic fish species in the upper Yangtze River. Its ecological connectivity is crucial for protecting endemic fish species in the upper Yangtze River. However, the widespread distribution of small hydropower stations in the Chishui River Basin has severely affected the connectivity of this region. This study collected detailed information on the spatial location, construction year, and installed capacity of small hydropower stations in the Chishui River Basin. Four connectivity indices, namely the dendritic connectivity index (DCI), stream connectivity index (SCI), catchment area fragmentation index (CAFI), and the newly proposed modified catchment area fragmentation index (CAFIM), were used to assess the spatio-temporal changes in the connectivity of the Chishui River Basin due to small hydropower stations. The results showed that almost every river in the Chishui River Basin has small hydropower stations, mainly distributed in low-order streams. The DCI and SCI indices showed that as the number of stations increased, the connectivity of the Chishui River Basin significantly decreased. The connectivity in the middle and lower reaches was more severely deteriorated than that in the upper reaches. The CAFI and CAFIM indices revealed similar trends, with the degree of river fragmentation continuously increasing, particularly in the Xishui River, Datong River, and Tongzi River Basins. The proposed CAFIM index incorporated the factor of installed capacity of small hydropower stations, enabling a more comprehensive and accurate assessment of the impact of these stations. Compared to traditional indicators, the CAFIM index is more sensitive to changes in installed capacity, and can effectively reflect the impact of large-scale power stations. Based on the assessment results of the CAFIM and other indices, the study evaluated the priority of obstacles posed by each small hydropower station in the Chishui River Basin. The study demonstrated that priority should be given to rectifying stations with large installed capacities located at high-order streams to maximize the improvement of basin connectivity. The study found that the location and installed capacity of the stations were the key factors determining the priority of their removal. The removal of stations located on high-order streams with large installed capacities (such as Jinyang and Yuanmanguan) had the most significant effect on improving basin connectivity. This study comprehensively evaluated the connectivity status of the Chishui River Basin, proposed strategies for optimizing the removal of small hydropower stations, and provided a decision-making basis for ecological restoration in the basin. It is thus of great significance for protecting endemic fish species in the upper Yangtze River. This research provided theoretical foundations and methodological support for assessing the impact of small hydropower stations on watershed river network connectivity and developing restoration strategies. |
| Key words: River connectivity small hydropower stations modified river fragmentation index CAFIM connectivity indices Chishui River Basin |
