| 引用本文: | 熊美华,董微微,刘小帅,朱滨,宋以兴,胡兴坤,曾昌,余丹,邵科.2017—2022年雅砻江甘孜以下干流及部分支流鱼类种类组成及群落结构.湖泊科学,2024,36(1):223-235. DOI:10.18307/2024.0134 |
| Xiong Meihua,Dong Weiwei,Liu Xiaoshuai,Zhu Bin,Song Yixing,Hu Xingkun,Zeng Chang,Yu Dan,Shao Ke.Species composition and community structure of fish in the main stream and some tributaries of the Yalong River below Ganzi from 2017 to 2022. J. Lake Sci.2024,36(1):223-235. DOI:10.18307/2024.0134 |
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| 2017—2022年雅砻江甘孜以下干流及部分支流鱼类种类组成及群落结构 |
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熊美华1, 董微微1, 刘小帅2, 朱滨1, 宋以兴2, 胡兴坤1, 曾昌1, 余丹1, 邵科1
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1.水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所, 水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室, 湖北省水生态保护与修复工程技术研究中心, 武汉 430079;2.雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司, 成都 610056
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| 摘要: |
| 基于2017—2022年在雅砻江甘孜以下干流及部分支流的鱼类监测数据,采用多样性指数和多元统计方法分析了该流域的鱼类群落结构。通过在雅砻江干流和6条支流21个采样点的监测及相关文献调研共获得鱼类98种,包括9种国家二级重点保护鱼类和28种长江上游特有鱼类。除干流下游Margalef丰富度指数外,其他区域多样性指数值相差不大;干流上、中、下游和6条支流间鱼类生物多样性不存在显著差异。Cluster分析和NMDS分析表明鱼类群落可以分成6组,ANOSIM检验表明6组间存在显著性差异,6组在海拔和河流等级上存在极显著和显著性差异。分别计算6个聚类组的优势种和常见种,并从栖息类型、食性和产卵类型上进行分析,结果显示6组在栖息类型和产卵类型上差异显著。二滩库区和鳡鱼河静缓流河段优势种为翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)、尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)等,建议加强对下游流域外来物种的监测,避免发生大规模生物入侵现象。自1980s以来,雅砻江下游流域鱼类种类组成发生了明显变化,推测与梯级电站修建运行等造成生境改变有关。 |
| 关键词: 鱼类群落结构 多元统计分析 优势种 生物入侵 雅砻江流域 |
| DOI：10.18307/2024.0134 |
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| 基金项目:雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司项目(0023-19ZB0139)和水利部三峡工程管理司三峡后续工作项目(12620200600020J005)联合资助。 |
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| Species composition and community structure of fish in the main stream and some tributaries of the Yalong River below Ganzi from 2017 to 2022 |
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Xiong Meihua1, Dong Weiwei1, Liu Xiaoshuai2, Zhu Bin1, Song Yixing2, Hu Xingkun1, Zeng Chang1, Yu Dan1, Shao Ke1
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1.Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem, Ministry of Water Resources, Hubei Engineering Research Center of Hydroecology Protection and Restoration, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China;2.Yalong River Basin Hydropower Development Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610056, P.R. China
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| Abstract: |
| Based on fish monitoring data in the main stream and some tributaries of the Yalong River below Ganzi from 2017 to 2022, the fish species composition and community structure were analyzed by using diversity index and multivariate statistical methods. A total of 98 fish species were obtained based on literature research and fish monitoring at 21 sampling sites in the main stream and six tributaries, including nine national second-class protected fishes and 28 endemic species in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. There was no significant variation in fish biodiversity index between the main stream and six tributaries. Cluster analysis and NMDS analysis showed that the fish community could be divided into six groups. ANOSIM test showed a significant difference among the six groups. Extremely significant differences in altitude and significant differences in river order were analyzed using ANOVA among the six groups. The dominant species and common species of the six cluster groups were calculated respectively. The habitat types, feeding habits, and spawning types were analyzed. The results suggested that the six groups had significant differences in habitat type and spawning type. Introduced species Culter alburnus and Oreochromis niloticus were the dominant species in the slow-flowing reaches of the Ertan and Ganyu River. It is suggested to strengthen the monitoring of introduced and alien species in the downstream area of the Yalong River to avoid large-scale biological invasion. Since the 1980s, the fish species composition in the lower reaches of the Yalong River has changed significantly, which is likely due to habitat change, the construction of power stations, and other anthropogenic activities. |
| Key words: Fish community structure multivariate statistical analysis dominant species biological invasion Yalong River |
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