| 引用本文: | 肖杨,刘凯,王英才,刘洋洋,周旋,梁建奎,雷琦,李珏纯,杨瑞,张瑞雷,彭玉.基于DNA条形码的长江流域沼蛤序列和形态多样性分析.湖泊科学,2025,37(1):194-203. DOI:10.18307/2025.0133 |
| Xiao Yang,Liu Kai,Wang Yingcai,Liu Yangyang,Zhou Xuan,Liang Jiankui,Lei Qi,Li Juechun,Yang Rui,Zhang Ruilei,Peng Yu.Analyzing sequence and morphological diversity of Limnoperna fortunei in the Yangtze River Basin based on DNA barcoding. J. Lake Sci.2025,37(1):194-203. DOI:10.18307/2025.0133 |
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| 摘要: |
| 近年来，水利水电工程中暴发了沼蛤（淡水壳菜）污损问题，不同程度地影响了水利和水电工程的输水、生产等安全，引起了国内外社会广泛关注。本文研究结果显示，沼蛤在长江流域主要分布于四川及以下的低海拔区，四川以上高海拔区未见记录；基于COI和ITS1基因联合构建的系统发育树分析显示，长江流域沼蛤可能存在两个类群，其中COI序列A+T含量（64.7%）显著高于C+G含量（35.3%），种内遗传距离范围为0~0.123；COI序列总单倍型多样性指数为0.893，核苷酸多样性指数为0.069；ITS1序列A+T含量为45.3%，C+G含量为54.7%，种内遗传距离范围为0~0.061；ITS1序列总单倍型多样性指数为0.679，核苷酸多样性指数为0.028。基于COI基因分析的两个亲缘关系类群间的遗传分化系数为0.844，基因差异分化系数为0.118；基于ITS1基因分析的相应参数分别为0.927和0.492。基于形态学特征分析显示，长江流域沼蛤的长高比、长宽比和韧带长度差异显著，可明显分成两个类群，且与COI和ITS1基因分析显示的两个类群相对应。基于栖息生境分析显示，长江流域沼蛤类群1主要生活在水流较缓、底质以卵石为主的区域，表现为缓流型；类群2主要生活在水流较急、底质以泥沙为主的区域，表现为激流型，对环境的适应性更强，分布范围较类群1更广，在传播扩散能力方面表现更强。本研究有助于了解长江流域沼蛤基础生物学信息，可为流域沼蛤的综合防控提供重要参考。 |
| 关键词: 淡水壳菜 COI基因 ITS1基因 形态特征 栖息生境 |
| DOI：10.18307/2025.0133 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFC3200902）；南水北调中线总干渠水生态调查与系统评估研究项目和长江生态环境保护修复联合研究二期项目（2022-LHYJ-02-0102）联合资助 |
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| Analyzing sequence and morphological diversity of Limnoperna fortunei in the Yangtze River Basin based on DNA barcoding |
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Xiao Yang1，2，Liu Kai3，Wang Yingcai2，Liu Yangyang3，Zhou Xuan2，Liang Jiankui3，Lei Qi2，Li Juechun3，Yang Rui2，Zhang Ruilei1，Peng Yu2
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1.Engineering Research Center of Environmental DNA and Ecological Water Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306 , P.R.China ；2.Changjiang Basin Ecology and Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Changjiang Basin Ecology and Environment Administration,Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430010 , P.R.China ；3.China South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Corporation Limited, Beijing 100038 , P.R.China
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| Abstract: |
| In recent years, the problem of biological fouling by Limnoperna fortune (Dunker, 1857) has occurred in water resources and hydraulic engineering, affecting the safety of water transmission and production of water conservancy and hydropower projects to varying degrees. The problem has attracted extensive attention from the domestic and foreign communities. This study showed that L. fortunei in the Yangtze River Basin was mainly distributed in the low altitude area of Sichuan and below. No record was found in the high-altitude area above Sichuan. Phylogenetic tree analysis utilizing COI and ITS1 genes revealed two groups of L. fortunei in the Yangtze River Basin. The A+T content of COI sequences was notably higher at 64.7% compared to the C+G content at 35.3%, with intraspecific genetic distances ranging from 0 to 0.123. The total haplotype diversity index for COI sequences was 0.893. The nucleotide diversity index was 0.069. For the ITS1 sequences, the A+T content was 45.3% and the C+G content was 54.7%, with intraspecific genetic distances ranging from 0 to 0.061. The total haplotype diversity index for ITS1 sequences was 0.679. The nucleotide diversity index was 0.028. Genetic differentiation analysis based on the COI gene yielded a coefficient of genetic differentiation of 0.844 and a coefficient of differential gene differentiation of 0.118 between the two related groups. Similarly, analysis based on the ITS1 gene resulted in a coefficient of genetic differentiation of 0.927 and a coefficient of differential gene differentiation of 0.492. The morphological characteristics and habitat analysis showed that there were significant differences in the morphological characteristics and habitats of the two ecotypes of L. fortunei in the Yangtze River basin, which can be clearly divided into two groups, i.e., Group 1 and Group 2 as shown in COI and ITS1 gene analysis. The length-height ratio, length-width ratio and ligament length of the two groups were significantly different. Group 1 mainly lived in the areas with slow flow and pebble-based bottom, showing a slow flow type. Group 2 mainly lived in the areas with fast flow and sand-based bottom, showing a rapid flow type, and had stronger adaptability to the environment. It had a wider distribution range than Group 1. This study improved our understanding of the basic biological information of L. fortunei in the Yangtze River basin, and provided a reference for the comprehensive prevention and control of L. fortunei in the basin. |
| Key words: Limnoperna fortunei COI gene ITS1 gene morphological characteristics habitat |
